{"id":413,"date":"2026-05-22T16:35:18","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T14:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/?p=413"},"modified":"2026-05-22T16:35:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T14:35:20","slug":"fiche-apt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/index.php\/administration-systeme\/fiche-apt\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche APT"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Introduction<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sous Debian 13 Trixie et Ubuntu, APT (Advanced Package Tool) permet de g\u00e9rer l\u2019installation, la mise \u00e0 jour et la suppression des logiciels. Cet outil constitue le c\u0153ur de l\u2019administration syst\u00e8me sur les distributions bas\u00e9es sur Debian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans un contexte BTS CIEL ou SIO, tu vas utiliser APT pratiquement tous les jours :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pour installer des services r\u00e9seau ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pour maintenir des serveurs ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pour appliquer des correctifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pour automatiser des d\u00e9ploiements ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pour ajouter des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts logiciels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette fiche t\u2019explique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le fonctionnement d\u2019APT ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la gestion des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les cl\u00e9s GPG ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les bonnes pratiques de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9pannage ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les erreurs fr\u00e9quentes rencontr\u00e9es en administration Linux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Sommaire<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Introduction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sommaire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comprendre le fonctionnement d\u2019APT<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Installer APT et pr\u00e9parer le syst\u00e8me<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Architecture des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts Debian et Ubuntu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gestion des paquets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gestion des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts logiciels<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gestion des cl\u00e9s GPG<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mise \u00e0 jour et maintenance du syst\u00e8me<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fichiers importants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bloc de configuration complet Debian 13<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exemples concrets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Commandes utiles et d\u00e9pannage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Logs et analyse des erreurs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et bonnes pratiques<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Erreurs fr\u00e9quentes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pour aller plus loin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liens utiles et ressources p\u00e9dagogiques<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Propositions de TP<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Comprendre le fonctionnement d\u2019APT<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">APT signifie :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Advanced Package Tool<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">APT agit comme une couche de gestion des paquets <code>.deb<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le syst\u00e8me repose sur :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts logiciels ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les index de paquets ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les d\u00e9pendances ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les signatures GPG ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>l\u2019outil <code>dpkg<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 Diff\u00e9rence entre apt et dpkg<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Outil<\/th><th>Fonction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>dpkg<\/td><td>Installe un paquet <code>.deb<\/code> local<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>apt<\/td><td>G\u00e8re les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts et les d\u00e9pendances<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>apt-cache<\/td><td>Recherche des informations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>apt-mark<\/td><td>G\u00e8re les paquets automatiques<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>aptitude<\/td><td>Interface avanc\u00e9e optionnelle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 Fonctionnement global<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>D\u00e9p\u00f4ts \u2192 T\u00e9l\u00e9chargement index \u2192 R\u00e9solution d\u00e9pendances \u2192 T\u00e9l\u00e9chargement paquets \u2192 Installation<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 Cycle classique d\u2019administration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update<br>sudo apt upgrade<br>sudo apt autoremove<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Commande<\/th><th>Fonction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>apt update<\/td><td>Synchronise les index<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>apt upgrade<\/td><td>Met \u00e0 jour les paquets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>apt autoremove<\/td><td>Supprime les d\u00e9pendances inutiles<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Installer APT et pr\u00e9parer le syst\u00e8me<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">APT est install\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut sous Debian et Ubuntu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 V\u00e9rifier qu\u2019APT fonctionne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>apt --version<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 V\u00e9rifier la connectivit\u00e9 r\u00e9seau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ping deb.debian.org<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 V\u00e9rifier la r\u00e9solution DNS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>resolvectl status<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sous certains serveurs minimalistes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Architecture des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts Debian et Ubuntu<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 D\u00e9p\u00f4ts Debian 13<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Debian 13 utilise :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>main<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>contrib<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>non-free-firmware<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>non-free<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple officiel Debian 13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fichier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Configuration :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>deb https:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian trixie main contrib non-free-firmware non-free<br>deb https:\/\/security.debian.org\/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free-firmware non-free<br>deb https:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian trixie-updates main contrib non-free-firmware non-free<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u00c9l\u00e9ment<\/th><th>R\u00f4le<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>deb<\/td><td>D\u00e9p\u00f4t binaire<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>https:\/\/<\/td><td>D\u00e9p\u00f4t s\u00e9curis\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>trixie<\/td><td>Version Debian 13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>main<\/td><td>Logiciels libres<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>contrib<\/td><td>D\u00e9pendances non libres<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>non-free<\/td><td>Logiciels propri\u00e9taires<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>non-free-firmware<\/td><td>Firmwares propri\u00e9taires<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 D\u00e9p\u00f4ts Ubuntu<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>D\u00e9p\u00f4t<\/th><th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>main<\/td><td>Support Canonical<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>universe<\/td><td>Logiciels communautaires<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>restricted<\/td><td>Pilotes propri\u00e9taires<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>multiverse<\/td><td>Logiciels non libres<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 Arborescence des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/apt\/<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 apt.conf.d\/<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 keyrings\/<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 preferences.d\/<br>\u251c\u2500\u2500 sources.list<br>\u2514\u2500\u2500 sources.list.d\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Gestion des paquets<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 Mettre \u00e0 jour les index<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette commande :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>t\u00e9l\u00e9charge les listes de paquets ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v\u00e9rifie les signatures GPG ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>synchronise les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 Mettre \u00e0 jour les paquets<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mise \u00e0 jour compl\u00e8te<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt full-upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diff\u00e9rences<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Commande<\/th><th>Fonction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>upgrade<\/td><td>Ne supprime pas de paquets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>full-upgrade<\/td><td>Peut supprimer\/remplacer<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3 Installer un paquet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installer plusieurs paquets<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install nginx mariadb-server php-fpm<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.4 Supprimer un paquet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt remove nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les fichiers de configuration restent pr\u00e9sents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.5 Supprimer totalement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt purge nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">APT supprime :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>les paquets ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les configurations associ\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.6 Nettoyer les d\u00e9pendances<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt autoremove<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.7 Nettoyer le cache<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt clean<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9pertoire concern\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.8 Rechercher un paquet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>apt search wireshark<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.9 Afficher les informations d\u2019un paquet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>apt show nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.10 Afficher la politique des versions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>apt policy nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00e8s utile pour :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>comprendre les priorit\u00e9s ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v\u00e9rifier le d\u00e9p\u00f4t utilis\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analyser un probl\u00e8me de version.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Gestion des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts logiciels<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1 Ajouter un d\u00e9p\u00f4t moderne<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sous Debian 13, il faut utiliser :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>signed-by=<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple Docker Debian 13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cr\u00e9ation du d\u00e9p\u00f4t :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo nano \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/docker.list<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contenu :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>deb &#91;arch=amd64 signed-by=\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.gpg] https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/debian trixie stable<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2 Pourquoi \u00e9viter le fichier principal<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9vite de modifier directement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utiliser un fichier d\u00e9di\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>simplifie la maintenance ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>facilite les audits ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>r\u00e9duit les erreurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Gestion des cl\u00e9s GPG<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.1 R\u00e9pertoire recommand\u00e9<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.2 Ajouter une cl\u00e9 GPG<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>curl -fsSL https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/debian\/gpg | \\<br>sudo gpg --dearmor -o \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.gpg<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.3 Modifier les permissions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chmod a+r \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.gpg<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.4 Pourquoi apt-key est d\u00e9pr\u00e9ci\u00e9<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>apt-key<\/code> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>donne une confiance globale ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>augmente les risques ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ne limite pas les cl\u00e9s aux d\u00e9p\u00f4ts concern\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Debian 13 recommande fortement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>signed-by=<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>des cl\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9es ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Mise \u00e0 jour et maintenance du syst\u00e8me<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.1 Installer les mises \u00e0 jour automatiques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install unattended-upgrades<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.2 Fichier de configuration<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/apt\/apt.conf.d\/50unattended-upgrades<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.3 Activer les mises \u00e0 jour automatiques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo dpkg-reconfigure unattended-upgrades<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9.4 V\u00e9rifier les services systemd<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemctl status unattended-upgrades<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Fichiers importants<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/apt\/sources.list<br>\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/<br>\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/<br>\/etc\/apt\/preferences<br>\/etc\/apt\/preferences.d\/<br>\/etc\/apt\/apt.conf.d\/<br>\/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/<br>\/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/<br>\/var\/log\/apt\/<br>\/var\/log\/dpkg.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Bloc de configuration complet Debian 13<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installation Docker s\u00e9curis\u00e9e Debian 13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Cr\u00e9ation du r\u00e9pertoire des cl\u00e9s<br>sudo mkdir -p \/etc\/apt\/keyrings<br><br># T\u00e9l\u00e9chargement cl\u00e9 GPG Docker<br>curl -fsSL https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/debian\/gpg | \\<br>sudo gpg --dearmor -o \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.gpg<br><br># Permissions lecture<br>sudo chmod a+r \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.gpg<br><br># Cr\u00e9ation d\u00e9p\u00f4t Docker<br>echo \"deb &#91;arch=amd64 signed-by=\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.gpg] \\<br>https:\/\/download.docker.com\/linux\/debian trixie stable\" | \\<br>sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/docker.list &gt; \/dev\/null<br><br># Mise \u00e0 jour index APT<br>sudo apt update<br><br># Installation Docker<br>sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. Exemples concrets<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12.1 Installer Apache<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ports utilis\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Service<\/th><th>Port<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>HTTP<\/td><td>TCP 80<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HTTPS<\/td><td>TCP 443<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Configuration UFW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow 80\/tcp<br>sudo ufw allow 443\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12.2 Installer MariaDB<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install mariadb-server<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Port utilis\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Service<\/th><th>Port<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>MariaDB<\/td><td>TCP 3306<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cas local uniquement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw deny 3306\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cas acc\u00e8s distant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.10 to any port 3306 proto tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12.3 Installer Wireshark<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install wireshark<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pendant l\u2019installation :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Debian demande si les utilisateurs non root peuvent capturer du trafic ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>le syst\u00e8me configure le groupe <code>wireshark<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Commandes utiles et d\u00e9pannage<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.1 V\u00e9rifier les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts actifs<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep -r \"^deb\" \/etc\/apt\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.2 Corriger les d\u00e9pendances cass\u00e9es<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt --fix-broken install<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.3 Corriger une installation interrompue<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo dpkg --configure -a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.4 R\u00e9installer un paquet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt install --reinstall openssh-server<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.5 V\u00e9rifier les cl\u00e9s GPG<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>gpg --show-keys \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/docker.gpg<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13.6 Supprimer un d\u00e9p\u00f4t d\u00e9fectueux<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo rm \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/docker.list<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puis :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. Logs et analyse des erreurs<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14.1 Logs importants<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/apt\/history.log<br>\/var\/log\/apt\/term.log<br>\/var\/log\/dpkg.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14.2 Lire les logs<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo less \/var\/log\/apt\/history.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14.3 Rechercher les erreurs<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo grep -i error \/var\/log\/apt\/term.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14.4 V\u00e9rifier les mises \u00e0 jour automatiques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -u unattended-upgrades<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14.5 Ce qu\u2019on peut analyser<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u00c9l\u00e9ment<\/th><th>Exemple<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Installation<\/td><td>Date et version<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D\u00e9pendances cass\u00e9es<\/td><td>Paquet manquant<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D\u00e9p\u00f4t inaccessible<\/td><td>DNS ou r\u00e9seau<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cl\u00e9 invalide<\/td><td>Signature absente<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15. S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et bonnes pratiques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15.1 Utiliser uniquement des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts fiables<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9vite :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts inconnus ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les scripts copi\u00e9s sans v\u00e9rification ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts non sign\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15.2 Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer HTTPS<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exemple recommand\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>https:&#47;&#47;deb.debian.org\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15.3 Ne jamais d\u00e9sactiver les signatures<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9vite :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15.4 Nettoyer r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt autoremove<br>sudo apt clean<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15.5 \u00c9viter les distributions mixtes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ne m\u00e9lange pas :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>stable ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>testing ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>unstable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le syst\u00e8me deviendrait rapidement instable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15.6 Sauvegarder les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts avant modification<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo cp \/etc\/apt\/sources.list \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.bak<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16. Erreurs fr\u00e9quentes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16.1 NO_PUBKEY<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cause :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>cl\u00e9 GPG absente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Solution :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ajouter la cl\u00e9 correcte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16.2 Hash Sum mismatch<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cause :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>cache APT corrompu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Correction :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/*<br>sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16.3 Failed to fetch<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Causes possibles :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DNS ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IPv6 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>proxy ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d\u00e9p\u00f4t hors ligne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16.4 D\u00e9pendances cass\u00e9es<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo apt --fix-broken install<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16.5 Lock frontend<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cause :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>autre processus APT en cours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diagnostic :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ps aux | grep apt<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">17. Pour aller plus loin<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu peux approfondir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le pinning APT ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les miroirs locaux ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts priv\u00e9s ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la cr\u00e9ation de paquets <code>.deb<\/code> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les snapshots Debian ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les backports ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts internes d\u2019entreprise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">18. Liens utiles et ressources p\u00e9dagogiques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Documentation officielle Debian APT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.debian.org\/Apt\">https:\/\/wiki.debian.org\/Apt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourquoi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>documentation officielle Debian ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>bonnes pratiques ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>architecture des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Manuel officiel sources.list<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/trixie\/apt\/sources.list.5.en.html\">https:\/\/manpages.debian.org\/trixie\/apt\/sources.list.5.en.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourquoi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>syntaxe compl\u00e8te ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>options avanc\u00e9es ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>signed-by.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Debian 13 Trixie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.debian.org\/releases\/trixie\">https:\/\/www.debian.org\/releases\/trixie<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourquoi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>documentation officielle Debian 13 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nouveaut\u00e9s ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>proc\u00e9dures d\u2019installation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Documentation Ubuntu APT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/help.ubuntu.com\/community\/AptGet\/Howto\">https:\/\/help.ubuntu.com\/community\/AptGet\/Howto<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourquoi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nombreux exemples pratiques ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>administration Ubuntu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OpenClassrooms Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/openclassrooms.com\/fr\/courses\/43538-reprenez-le-controle-a-laide-de-linux\">https:\/\/openclassrooms.com\/fr\/courses\/43538-reprenez-le-controle-a-laide-de-linux<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourquoi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>excellent support d\u00e9butant ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>commandes Linux essentielles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OpenClassrooms Administration Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/openclassrooms.com\/fr\/courses\/7262431-administrez-un-systeme-linux\">https:\/\/openclassrooms.com\/fr\/courses\/7262431-administrez-un-systeme-linux<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourquoi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>administration serveur moderne ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>maintenance Linux professionnelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">RFC HTTPS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc2818\">https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc2818<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pourquoi :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>compr\u00e9hension des connexions HTTPS s\u00e9curis\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">19. Propositions de TP<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TP 1 \u2014 Installation d\u2019un serveur web<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Objectifs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>installer Apache ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ouvrir les ports ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analyser les logs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Travail demand\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>installer apache2 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v\u00e9rifier le service ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>consulter les journaux ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tester UFW.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TP 2 \u2014 Ajouter un d\u00e9p\u00f4t tiers s\u00e9curis\u00e9<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Objectifs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ajouter Docker ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>g\u00e9rer une cl\u00e9 GPG ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>comprendre <code>signed-by=<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Travail demand\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>cr\u00e9er un fichier <code>.list<\/code> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ajouter une cl\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>installer Docker.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TP 3 \u2014 D\u00e9pannage APT<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Objectifs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>corriger des d\u00e9pendances ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analyser les erreurs ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>comprendre les logs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Travail demand\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>casser volontairement un d\u00e9p\u00f4t ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>provoquer une erreur GPG ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>corriger le probl\u00e8me.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TP 4 \u2014 Mises \u00e0 jour automatiques<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Objectifs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>s\u00e9curiser un serveur ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>automatiser les correctifs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Travail demand\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>installer unattended-upgrades ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>activer les mises \u00e0 jour automatiques ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analyser les journaux systemd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TP 5 \u2014 Gestion avanc\u00e9e des paquets<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Objectifs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>comprendre les d\u00e9pendances ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manipuler les versions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Travail demand\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>installer plusieurs versions ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>utiliser <code>apt policy<\/code> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tester <code>apt-mark<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Introduction Sous Debian 13 Trixie et Ubuntu, APT (Advanced Package Tool) permet de g\u00e9rer l\u2019installation, la mise \u00e0 jour et la suppression des logiciels. Cet outil constitue le c\u0153ur de l\u2019administration syst\u00e8me sur les distributions bas\u00e9es sur Debian. Dans un contexte BTS CIEL ou SIO, tu vas utiliser APT pratiquement tous les jours : [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,21,12],"tags":[35],"class_list":["post-413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administration-systeme","category-debian","category-linux","tag-paquet"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fiche APT - Eryann Breizh SecOps<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/index.php\/administration-systeme\/fiche-apt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fiche APT - Eryann Breizh SecOps\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1. 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