{"id":315,"date":"2026-05-03T18:56:53","date_gmt":"2026-05-03T16:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/?p=315"},"modified":"2026-05-03T18:56:54","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T16:56:54","slug":"fiche-virtual-host-apache-2-sous-debian-ubuntu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/index.php\/linux\/fiche-virtual-host-apache-2-sous-debian-ubuntu\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche virtual host Apache 2 sous Debian \/ Ubuntu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les Virtual Hosts<\/strong> Apache permettent d\u2019h\u00e9berger plusieurs sites web sur un m\u00eame serveur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ils permettent de g\u00e9rer :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- plusieurs sites sur une m\u00eame adresse IP
- plusieurs noms de domaine
- plusieurs sous-domaines
- des r\u00e9pertoires web diff\u00e9rents
- des logs s\u00e9par\u00e9s par site
- des configurations SSL diff\u00e9rentes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
site1.example.lan  \u2192 \/var\/www\/site1
site2.example.lan  \u2192 \/var\/www\/site2
blog.example.lan   \u2192 \/var\/www\/blog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Apache re\u00e7oit une requ\u00eate HTTP avec un nom de domaine dans l\u2019en-t\u00eate Host<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Host: site1.example.lan<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Apache compare ce nom avec les directives :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ServerName
ServerAlias<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Puis il sert le bon site gr\u00e2ce au bon bloc :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName site1.example.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/site1
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Installation d\u2019Apache 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
apt update
apt install apache2 -y<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e9rifier le service :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
systemctl status apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Activer au d\u00e9marrage :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
systemctl enable apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tester localement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
curl http:\/\/localhost<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Arborescence Apache importante<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\/etc\/apache2\/
\u251c\u2500\u2500 apache2.conf
\u251c\u2500\u2500 ports.conf
\u251c\u2500\u2500 sites-available\/
\u251c\u2500\u2500 sites-enabled\/
\u251c\u2500\u2500 mods-available\/
\u251c\u2500\u2500 mods-enabled\/
\u251c\u2500\u2500 conf-available\/
\u2514\u2500\u2500 conf-enabled\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
R\u00f4le des dossiers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/ : fichiers de configuration disponibles
\/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/   : sites r\u00e9ellement activ\u00e9s
\/var\/www\/                     : r\u00e9pertoires web
\/var\/log\/apache2\/             : logs Apache<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Sur Debian\/Ubuntu, on cr\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les fichiers dans :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Puis on les active avec :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a2ensite nomdusite.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Cr\u00e9er un premier virtual host<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Cr\u00e9er le r\u00e9pertoire du site<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
mkdir -p \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Cr\u00e9er une page de test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
nano \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Contenu :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<h1>Site 1 fonctionne<\/h1>
<p>Virtual host Apache op\u00e9rationnel.<\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
G\u00e9rer les droits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/site1
chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/site1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Fichier virtual host simple<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Cr\u00e9er le fichier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/site1.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Configuration :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName site1.example.lan
    ServerAlias www.site1.example.lan

    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site1_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site1_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Activer le site :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a2ensite site1.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e9sactiver le site par d\u00e9faut si n\u00e9cessaire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a2dissite 000-default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tester la configuration :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apache2ctl configtest<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Recharger Apache :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tester le virtual host<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Depuis le serveur :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
curl -H \"Host: site1.example.lan\" http:\/\/127.0.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Depuis un poste client, il faut que le nom soit r\u00e9solu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En environnement de test, modifier le fichier hosts<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sous Linux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nano \/etc\/hosts<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Sous Windows :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ajouter :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
192.168.1.10 site1.example.lan www.site1.example.lan<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Puis tester dans le navigateur :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
http://site1.example.lan<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Multisite avec plusieurs domaines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Objectif :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
site1.example.lan \u2192 \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html
site2.example.lan \u2192 \/var\/www\/site2\/public_html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Cr\u00e9er les dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
mkdir -p \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html
mkdir -p \/var\/www\/site2\/public_html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pages de test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
echo \"<h1>Site 1<\/h1>\" > \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html\/index.html
echo \"<h1>Site 2<\/h1>\" > \/var\/www\/site2\/public_html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Droits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/site1 \/var\/www\/site2
chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/site1 \/var\/www\/site2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Virtual host site 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/site1.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName site1.example.lan
    ServerAlias www.site1.example.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site1_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site1_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Virtual host site 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/site2.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName site2.example.lan
    ServerAlias www.site2.example.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/site2\/public_html

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site2_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site2_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Activation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
a2ensite site1.conf
a2ensite site2.conf
apache2ctl configtest
systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Fichier hosts de test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
192.168.1.10 site1.example.lan www.site1.example.lan
192.168.1.10 site2.example.lan www.site2.example.lan<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Gestion de plusieurs domaines pour un m\u00eame site<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Objectif :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
example.fr
www.example.fr
example.com
www.example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tous doivent pointer vers le m\u00eame site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName example.fr
    ServerAlias www.example.fr example.com www.example.com

    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/example\/public_html

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/example_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/example_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Dans ce cas :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ServerName  = nom principal du site
ServerAlias = autres noms accept\u00e9s<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Rediriger tous les domaines vers un domaine principal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Objectif :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
example.com       \u2192 https:\/\/www.example.fr
www.example.com   \u2192 https:\/\/www.example.fr
example.fr        \u2192 https:\/\/www.example.fr
www.example.fr    \u2192 site principal<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Virtual host de redirection HTTP :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName example.fr
    ServerAlias www.example.fr example.com www.example.com

    Redirect permanent \/ https:\/\/www.example.fr\/
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Virtual host principal HTTPS :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName www.example.fr
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/example\/public_html

    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/www.example.fr\/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/www.example.fr\/privkey.pem

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/example_ssl_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/example_ssl_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Virtual host avec sous-domaines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Objectif :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
www.example.lan   \u2192 site vitrine
blog.example.lan  \u2192 blog
admin.example.lan \u2192 interface admin<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.example.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/www\/public_html
<\/VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName blog.example.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/blog\/public_html
<\/VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName admin.example.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/admin\/public_html
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Chaque sous-domaine peut avoir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- son dossier web
- ses logs
- ses r\u00e8gles d\u2019acc\u00e8s
- son certificat SSL<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Configuration avec Directory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
La directive Directory<\/code> permet de contr\u00f4ler les droits Apache sur un r\u00e9pertoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName site1.example.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html

    <Directory \/var\/www\/site1\/public_html>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    <\/Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site1_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site1_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Explication des directives Directory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Options -Indexes        : interdit le listing des dossiers
Options +FollowSymLinks : autorise les liens symboliques
AllowOverride None      : ignore les .htaccess
Require all granted     : autorise l\u2019acc\u00e8s web
Require all denied      : bloque l\u2019acc\u00e8s web<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Autoriser les fichiers .htaccess<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Certaines applications comme WordPress peuvent utiliser .htaccess<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Activer le module rewrite :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a2enmod rewrite<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Configuration :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<Directory \/var\/www\/site\/public_html>
    Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride All
    Require all granted
<\/Directory><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Recharger :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apache2ctl configtest
systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Exemple WordPress multisite simple<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName wordpress1.example.lan
    ServerAlias www.wordpress1.example.lan

    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/wordpress1

    <Directory \/var\/www\/wordpress1>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    <\/Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/wordpress1_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/wordpress1_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pour WordPress :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AllowOverride All est souvent n\u00e9cessaire
mod_rewrite doit \u00eatre activ\u00e9
les droits doivent permettre \u00e0 Apache de lire les fichiers<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Activer SSL avec Certbot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Installer Certbot :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache -y<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Demander un certificat :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
certbot --apache -d example.fr -d www.example.fr<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pour plusieurs domaines :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
certbot --apache -d example.fr -d www.example.fr -d example.com -d www.example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Renouvellement automatique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
systemctl status certbot.timer<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Test de renouvellement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
certbot renew --dry-run<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Virtual host HTTP + HTTPS complet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName example.fr
    ServerAlias www.example.fr
    Redirect permanent \/ https:\/\/www.example.fr\/
<\/VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName www.example.fr
    ServerAlias example.fr

    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/example\/public_html

    <Directory \/var\/www\/example\/public_html>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    <\/Directory>

    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/www.example.fr\/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile \/etc\/letsencrypt\/live\/www.example.fr\/privkey.pem

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/example_ssl_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/example_ssl_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Gestion des ports<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Apache \u00e9coute les ports d\u00e9finis dans :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/etc\/apache2\/ports.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Listen 80
Listen 443<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pour SSL :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<IfModule ssl_module>
    Listen 443
<\/IfModule><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pare-feu UFW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Autoriser HTTP :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ufw allow 80\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Autoriser HTTPS :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ufw allow 443\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ou :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ufw allow \"Apache Full\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e9rifier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Logs par site<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dans chaque virtual host :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site_error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site_access.log combined<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Consulter :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/site_access.log
tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/site_error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Logs globaux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Commandes utiles Apache<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
apache2ctl configtest
apache2ctl -S
systemctl reload apache2
systemctl restart apache2
systemctl status apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Afficher les virtual hosts actifs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
apache2ctl -S<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Exemple de sortie :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*:80 is a NameVirtualHost
default server site1.example.lan (\/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/site1.conf:1)
port 80 namevhost site1.example.lan
port 80 namevhost site2.example.lan<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Cette commande est tr\u00e8s utile pour v\u00e9rifier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- quel site est par d\u00e9faut
- quels domaines sont reconnus
- quels fichiers de configuration sont charg\u00e9s<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
D\u00e9sactiver un site<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
a2dissite site1.conf
apache2ctl configtest
systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Supprimer un site proprement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
a2dissite site1.conf
rm \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/site1.conf
rm -rf \/var\/www\/site1
apache2ctl configtest
systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00c0 utiliser avec prudence, surtout pour rm -rf<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Site par d\u00e9faut<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Si aucun virtual host ne correspond au domaine demand\u00e9, Apache sert le premier virtual host charg\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Souvent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
000-default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Bonnes pratiques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- d\u00e9sactiver le site par d\u00e9faut si inutile
- ou cr\u00e9er un vhost catch-all propre<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Exemple catch-all :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName default.local
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/default

    <Directory \/var\/www\/default>
        Require all denied
    <\/Directory>
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Exemple complet multisite<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Objectif :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
site-a.lan      \u2192 \/var\/www\/site-a\/public_html
site-b.lan      \u2192 \/var\/www\/site-b\/public_html
www.entreprise.fr \u2192 \/var\/www\/entreprise\/public_html
blog.entreprise.fr \u2192 \/var\/www\/blog\/public_html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Cr\u00e9ation :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir -p \/var\/www\/site-a\/public_html
mkdir -p \/var\/www\/site-b\/public_html
mkdir -p \/var\/www\/entreprise\/public_html
mkdir -p \/var\/www\/blog\/public_html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pages de test :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo \"<h1>Site A<\/h1>\" > \/var\/www\/site-a\/public_html\/index.html
echo \"<h1>Site B<\/h1>\" > \/var\/www\/site-b\/public_html\/index.html
echo \"<h1>Entreprise<\/h1>\" > \/var\/www\/entreprise\/public_html\/index.html
echo \"<h1>Blog<\/h1>\" > \/var\/www\/blog\/public_html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Droits :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/site-a \/var\/www\/site-b \/var\/www\/entreprise \/var\/www\/blog
chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/site-a \/var\/www\/site-b \/var\/www\/entreprise \/var\/www\/blog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Cr\u00e9er les fichiers :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/site-a.conf
nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/site-b.conf
nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/entreprise.conf
nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/blog.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
site-a.conf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName site-a.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/site-a\/public_html

    <Directory \/var\/www\/site-a\/public_html>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    <\/Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site-a_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site-a_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
site-b.conf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName site-b.lan
    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/site-b\/public_html

    <Directory \/var\/www\/site-b\/public_html>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    <\/Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site-b_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/site-b_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
entreprise.conf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName entreprise.fr
    ServerAlias www.entreprise.fr entreprise.com www.entreprise.com

    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/entreprise\/public_html

    <Directory \/var\/www\/entreprise\/public_html>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    <\/Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/entreprise_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/entreprise_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
blog.conf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName blog.entreprise.fr

    DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/blog\/public_html

    <Directory \/var\/www\/blog\/public_html>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    <\/Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/blog_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/blog_access.log combined
<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Activation :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a2ensite site-a.conf
a2ensite site-b.conf
a2ensite entreprise.conf
a2ensite blog.conf
a2enmod rewrite
apache2ctl configtest
systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Test local avec curl<\/code> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
curl -H \"Host: site-a.lan\" http:\/\/127.0.0.1
curl -H \"Host: site-b.lan\" http:\/\/127.0.0.1
curl -H \"Host: entreprise.fr\" http:\/\/127.0.0.1
curl -H \"Host: blog.entreprise.fr\" http:\/\/127.0.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
S\u00e9curit\u00e9 minimale recommand\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dans les virtual hosts :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<Directory \/var\/www\/site\/public_html>
    Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
<\/Directory><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pour \u00e9viter l\u2019affichage des fichiers d\u2019un dossier :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Options -Indexes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pour limiter l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une zone admin par IP :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<Directory \/var\/www\/site\/public_html\/admin>
    Require ip 192.168.1.0\/24
<\/Directory><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pour bloquer compl\u00e8tement un r\u00e9pertoire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<Directory \/var\/www\/site\/private>
    Require all denied
<\/Directory><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Exemple avec authentification simple<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Activer le module :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
a2enmod auth_basic<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Cr\u00e9er un fichier de mots de passe :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apt install apache2-utils -y
htpasswd -c \/etc\/apache2\/.htpasswd admin<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Prot\u00e9ger un r\u00e9pertoire :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<Directory \/var\/www\/site\/public_html\/admin>
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName \"Zone admin\"
    AuthUserFile \/etc\/apache2\/.htpasswd
    Require valid-user
<\/Directory><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Recharger :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apache2ctl configtest
systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Probl\u00e8mes fr\u00e9quents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Probl\u00e8me<\/th>Cause probable<\/th>Solution<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Le mauvais site s\u2019affiche<\/td>ServerName<\/code> incorrect ou vhost par d\u00e9faut<\/td>v\u00e9rifier apache2ctl -S<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Forbidden 403<\/td>droits fichiers ou Require all granted<\/code> absent<\/td>v\u00e9rifier chmod\/chown et Directory<\/td><\/tr>
Apache ne red\u00e9marre pas<\/td>erreur de syntaxe<\/td>apache2ctl configtest<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Domaine non r\u00e9solu<\/td>DNS ou fichier hosts incorrect<\/td>v\u00e9rifier r\u00e9solution DNS<\/td><\/tr>
.htaccess<\/code> ignor\u00e9<\/td>AllowOverride None<\/code><\/td>passer \u00e0 AllowOverride All<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
SSL ne fonctionne pas<\/td>certificat ou vhost 443 absent<\/td>v\u00e9rifier Certbot et ports.conf<\/td><\/tr>
Redirection en boucle<\/td>mauvais vhost HTTP\/HTTPS<\/td>v\u00e9rifier Redirect et ServerName<\/td><\/tr>
Site non activ\u00e9<\/td>lien absent dans sites-enabled<\/td>utiliser a2ensite<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9thode de diagnostic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
apache2ctl configtest
apache2ctl -S
systemctl status apache2
tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log
curl -I -H \"Host: domaine.tld\" http:\/\/127.0.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Fichiers importants<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf
\/etc\/apache2\/ports.conf
\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/
\/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/
\/etc\/apache2\/mods-available\/
\/etc\/apache2\/mods-enabled\/
\/var\/www\/
\/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00c0 retenir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Les Virtual Hosts permettent d\u2019h\u00e9berger plusieurs sites sur un m\u00eame serveur Apache.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Points essentiels :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- un fichier .conf par site
- un ServerName par domaine principal
- des ServerAlias pour les domaines secondaires
- un DocumentRoot par site
- des logs s\u00e9par\u00e9s pour faciliter le diagnostic
- un test syst\u00e9matique avec apache2ctl configtest
- une v\u00e9rification avec apache2ctl -S<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Une configuration propre des Virtual Hosts permet de g\u00e9rer efficacement du multisite, plusieurs domaines et des sous-domaines sur une seule machine.
Les Virtual Hosts Apache permettent d\u2019h\u00e9berger plusieurs sites web sur un m\u00eame serveur. Ils permettent de g\u00e9rer : Exemple : Principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Apache re\u00e7oit une requ\u00eate HTTP avec un nom de domaine dans l\u2019en-t\u00eate Host. Exemple : Apache compare ce nom avec les directives : Puis il sert le bon site gr\u00e2ce au bon bloc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","category-systeme"],"yoast_head":"\nFiche virtual host Apache 2 sous Debian \/ Ubuntu - Eryann Breizh SecOps<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/index.php\/linux\/fiche-virtual-host-apache-2-sous-debian-ubuntu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fiche virtual host Apache 2 sous Debian \/ Ubuntu - Eryann Breizh SecOps\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les Virtual Hosts Apache permettent d\u2019h\u00e9berger plusieurs sites web sur un m\u00eame serveur. 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