{"id":255,"date":"2026-05-02T21:21:18","date_gmt":"2026-05-02T19:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/?p=255"},"modified":"2026-05-03T11:07:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T09:07:08","slug":"fiche-routage-statique-cisco-communication-inter-reseaux-acces-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/index.php\/reseau\/fiche-routage-statique-cisco-communication-inter-reseaux-acces-internet\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche \u2013 Routage statique Cisco (communication inter-r\u00e9seaux + acc\u00e8s Internet)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dans un contexte BTS CIEL \/ SIO<\/strong>, le routage statique est une comp\u00e9tence essentielle pour comprendre comment plusieurs r\u00e9seaux communiquent entre eux.
Cette fiche pr\u00e9sente une architecture simple avec deux routeurs : un routeur interne et un routeur d\u2019acc\u00e8s Internet.
L\u2019objectif est de mettre en place des routes statiques<\/strong> pour permettre la communication entre r\u00e9seaux et garantir le retour des paquets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Configuration compl\u00e8te (routeurs Cisco)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

enable
configure terminal

! ==============================
! ROUTEUR R1 (LAN interne)
! ==============================

hostname R1

! R\u00e9seau utilisateurs
interface g0\/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown

! R\u00e9seau postes distants
interface g0\/1
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown

! Lien vers R2
interface g0\/2
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown

! Route par d\u00e9faut vers R2 (Internet)
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1

! ==============================
! ROUTEUR R2 (Acc\u00e8s Internet)
! ==============================

hostname R2

! Lien vers R1
interface g0\/0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
no shutdown

! Interface vers Internet (exemple)
interface g0\/1
ip address 203.0.113.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown

! Routes vers les r\u00e9seaux internes
ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2

end
write memory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Explication d\u00e9taill\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1. Architecture r\u00e9seau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
On distingue trois types de r\u00e9seaux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • r\u00e9seaux internes (LAN)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • lien inter-routeurs<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • r\u00e9seau externe (Internet)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    R1 est le routeur interne, R2 est le routeur d\u2019acc\u00e8s Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    2. R\u00e9seaux directement connect\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Chaque routeur conna\u00eet automatiquement les r\u00e9seaux connect\u00e9s \u00e0 ses interfaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    R1 conna\u00eet :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • 192.168.10.0\/24<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 192.168.20.0\/24<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • 10.0.0.0\/30<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      R2 conna\u00eet :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • 10.0.0.0\/30<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • 203.0.113.0\/24<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        3. Route par d\u00e9faut sur R1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        Cette route indique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        tout trafic inconnu est envoy\u00e9 vers R2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        C\u2019est ce qui permet l\u2019acc\u00e8s Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        4. Routes statiques sur R2 (retour)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2
        ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        Ces routes sont indispensables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        Sans elles :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • les paquets arrivent depuis Internet<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • mais ne savent pas revenir vers les r\u00e9seaux internes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n
          5. Principe aller \/ retour<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          Pour qu\u2019une communication fonctionne :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • le chemin aller doit exister<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • le chemin retour doit exister<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            Sinon :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • ping \u00e9choue<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • sessions TCP impossibles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n
              6. R\u00f4le de la passerelle des postes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              Chaque machine doit utiliser comme passerelle :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              IP du routeur dans son r\u00e9seau local<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
              Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • PC r\u00e9seau 192.168.10.0 \u2192 passerelle 192.168.10.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • PC r\u00e9seau 192.168.20.0 \u2192 passerelle 192.168.20.1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                7. Syntaxe du routage statique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                ip route [r\u00e9seau] [masque] [next-hop]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                Exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                \n\n\n\n
                8. Cas typique d\u2019erreur<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • oublier la route de retour<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • mauvaise passerelle sur les PC<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • erreur d\u2019adressage IP<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • interfaces non activ\u00e9es<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • Le routage statique permet de connecter plusieurs r\u00e9seaux<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Une route indique vers o\u00f9 envoyer un r\u00e9seau distant<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • La route par d\u00e9faut permet l\u2019acc\u00e8s Internet<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Le retour des paquets est obligatoire<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Les postes utilisent toujours leur passerelle locale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                    Introduction Dans un contexte BTS CIEL \/ SIO, le routage statique est une comp\u00e9tence essentielle pour comprendre comment plusieurs r\u00e9seaux communiquent entre eux.Cette fiche pr\u00e9sente une architecture simple avec deux routeurs : un routeur interne et un routeur d\u2019acc\u00e8s Internet.L\u2019objectif est de mettre en place des routes statiques pour permettre la communication entre r\u00e9seaux et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cisco","category-reseau"],"yoast_head":"\nFiche \u2013 Routage statique Cisco (communication inter-r\u00e9seaux + acc\u00e8s Internet) - 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