{"id":163,"date":"2026-05-02T00:49:59","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T22:49:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/?p=163"},"modified":"2026-05-02T14:07:38","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T12:07:38","slug":"fiche-depannage-reseau-linux-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/index.php\/linux\/fiche-depannage-reseau-linux-windows\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau : Linux &amp; Windows"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Pour les \u00e9tudiants en BTS CIEL ou SIO, le d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau repose sur une m\u00e9thode rigoureuse.<br>Cette fiche int\u00e8gre maintenant un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel souvent oubli\u00e9 : <strong>ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)<\/strong>, indispensable pour comprendre les probl\u00e8mes de communication en r\u00e9seau local.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/535bb7a8-4094-4095-a639-149ddc413168-683x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-164\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/535bb7a8-4094-4095-a639-149ddc413168-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/eryann.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/535bb7a8-4094-4095-a639-149ddc413168-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/eryann.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/535bb7a8-4094-4095-a639-149ddc413168-768x1152.png 768w, https:\/\/eryann.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/535bb7a8-4094-4095-a639-149ddc413168.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>fonctionnement du r\u00e9seau.Commandes de d\u00e9pannage (bloc unique)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># =========================================================<br># LINUX<br># =========================================================<br><br># V\u00e9rifier IP<br>ip a<br><br># V\u00e9rifier routes<br>ip route<br><br># Tester r\u00e9seau local<br>ping 192.168.1.1<br><br># Tester Internet<br>ping 8.8.8.8<br><br># Tester DNS<br>ping google.com<br><br># V\u00e9rifier DNS<br>cat \/etc\/resolv.conf<br><br># Tracer route<br>traceroute 8.8.8.8<br><br># Voir ports ouverts<br>ss -tuln<br><br># =========================================================<br># ARP<br># =========================================================<br><br># Voir table ARP<br>ip neigh<br><br># Supprimer cache ARP<br>ip neigh flush all<br><br># =========================================================<br># CACHE DNS LINUX<br># =========================================================<br><br># systemd-resolved<br>resolvectl flush-caches<br><br># ou<br>systemd-resolve --flush-caches<br><br># nscd (si install\u00e9)<br>systemctl restart nscd<br><br># dnsmasq (si utilis\u00e9)<br>systemctl restart dnsmasq<br><br># =========================================================<br># WINDOWS<br># =========================================================<br><br># V\u00e9rifier IP<br>ipconfig \/all<br><br># Renouveler IP DHCP<br>ipconfig \/release<br>ipconfig \/renew<br><br># Tester r\u00e9seau<br>ping 192.168.1.1<br>ping 8.8.8.8<br>ping google.com<br><br># DNS<br>nslookup google.com<br><br># Tracer route<br>tracert 8.8.8.8<br><br># Connexions<br>netstat -an<br><br># =========================================================<br># ARP WINDOWS<br># =========================================================<br><br>arp -a<br>arp -d *<br><br># =========================================================<br># CACHE DNS WINDOWS<br># =========================================================<br><br>ipconfig \/flushdns<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00e9thode de diagnostic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. V\u00e9rifier IP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ip a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Tester r\u00e9seau local<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ping 192.168.1.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. V\u00e9rifier ARP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ip neigh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Tester Internet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ping 8.8.8.8<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Tester DNS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ping google.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Nettoyer cache DNS (si probl\u00e8me)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Linux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>resolvectl flush-caches<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Windows :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ipconfig \/flushdns<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explication cache DNS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le cache DNS stocke les correspondances :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nom \u2192 IP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Avantages :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la navigation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Probl\u00e8mes possibles :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mauvaise r\u00e9solution<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ancienne IP en cache<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Solution : vider le cache DNS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cas pratiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cas 1 : DNS incorrect<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sympt\u00f4me :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ping IP OK<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ping nom KO<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Solution :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ipconfig \/flushdns<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cas 2 : changement de serveur<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 cache DNS obsol\u00e8te<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Solution :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>resolvectl flush-caches<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cas 3 : site inaccessible<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 DNS incorrect ou cache corrompu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bonnes pratiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vider le cache DNS en cas de doute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v\u00e9rifier ARP pour couche 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suivre la m\u00e9thode IP \u2192 r\u00e9seau \u2192 Internet \u2192 DNS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>analyser les logs si n\u00e9cessaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9capitulatif<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u00c9l\u00e9ment<\/th><th>Commande<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>IP<\/td><td>ip a \/ ipconfig<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Route<\/td><td>ip route<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ARP<\/td><td>ip neigh \/ arp -a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DNS<\/td><td>resolv.conf \/ nslookup<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flush DNS<\/td><td>resolvectl \/ ipconfig \/flushdns<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau efficace repose sur :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>une m\u00e9thode claire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la ma\u00eetrise des outils<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la compr\u00e9hension des couches r\u00e9seau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019ajout du cache DNS permet de r\u00e9soudre de nombreux probl\u00e8mes de r\u00e9solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pour les \u00e9tudiants en BTS CIEL ou SIO, le d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau repose sur une m\u00e9thode rigoureuse.Cette fiche int\u00e8gre maintenant un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel souvent oubli\u00e9 : ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), indispensable pour comprendre les probl\u00e8mes de communication en r\u00e9seau local. fonctionnement du r\u00e9seau.Commandes de d\u00e9pannage (bloc unique) M\u00e9thode de diagnostic 1. V\u00e9rifier IP 2. Tester r\u00e9seau [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linux","category-windows"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fiche d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau : Linux &amp; Windows - Eryann Breizh SecOps<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/index.php\/linux\/fiche-depannage-reseau-linux-windows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fiche d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau : Linux &amp; Windows - Eryann Breizh SecOps\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pour les \u00e9tudiants en BTS CIEL ou SIO, le d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau repose sur une m\u00e9thode rigoureuse.Cette fiche int\u00e8gre maintenant un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel souvent oubli\u00e9 : ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), indispensable pour comprendre les probl\u00e8mes de communication en r\u00e9seau local. fonctionnement du r\u00e9seau.Commandes de d\u00e9pannage (bloc unique) M\u00e9thode de diagnostic 1. 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Windows - Eryann Breizh SecOps","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/eryann.fr\/index.php\/linux\/fiche-depannage-reseau-linux-windows\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Fiche d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau : Linux &amp; Windows - Eryann Breizh SecOps","og_description":"Pour les \u00e9tudiants en BTS CIEL ou SIO, le d\u00e9pannage r\u00e9seau repose sur une m\u00e9thode rigoureuse.Cette fiche int\u00e8gre maintenant un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel souvent oubli\u00e9 : ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), indispensable pour comprendre les probl\u00e8mes de communication en r\u00e9seau local. fonctionnement du r\u00e9seau.Commandes de d\u00e9pannage (bloc unique) M\u00e9thode de diagnostic 1. V\u00e9rifier IP 2. 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